OSI Model Layer 1: The Physical Layer (Cables, Signals & Bits)
We’ve completed an incredible journey through the OSI Model! We’ve seen applications create data, the Presentation Layer (Layer 6) format…
OSI Model Layer 2: The Data Link Layer (MAC Addressing & Frames)
We’ve covered a lot in our OSI Model series! We’ve seen how the Network Layer (Layer 3) uses IP addresses…
OSI Model Layer 3: The Network Layer (IP Addressing & Routing)
In our last post, we saw how the Transport Layer (Layer 4) prepares our data for its end-to-end journey. But…
The Transport Layer Explained: How Data Moves Reliably Online
In our last post, we saw how the Session Layer (Layer 5) establishes and manages the conversation between two applications.…
OSI Model Layer 5: A Simple Guide to the Session Layer
In our last post, we explored how the Presentation Layer (Layer 6) acts as a universal translator, formatting our data…
OSI Model Layer 6: A Simple Guide to the Presentation Layer
Have you ever wondered how your computer securely sends information that any other computer can understand, regardless of the brand…
A Deep Dive into Layer 7: The Application Layer Explained
In our last article, we introduced the OSI Model as a seven-story blueprint for network communication. We took a quick…
The OSI Model Explained: A Simple Guide for Cybersecurity Beginners
Ever wonder what actually happens when you click a link? It feels instant, but a complex process is taking place.…
What Does a Firewall Protect Against? (A Simple Guide)
You’ve probably heard that you need a firewall to be safe online, but what does a firewall actually do? Think…
Networking Basics for Beginners: A Simple Guide to IP Addresses & Ports
Before you can understand how a cyberattack works, you first need to understand the roads it travels on. Every action…